Non-Gradable and Gradable Adjectives in Grammar

Non-Gradable and Gradable Adjectives in Grammar In English grammar, gradability is the semantic property of an adjective that identifies different levels or degrees of the quality it denotes, such as small, smaller, smallest. An adjective that is gradable (or scalar) can be used in the comparative or superlative forms, or with words such as very, fairly, rather, and less. Although many adjectives are gradable, not all of them are gradable in the same way. The big divide, says Antonio Fabregas, is the distinction between qualitative and relational adjectives (The Oxford Handbook of Derivational Morphology, 2014). Examples and Observations There is a vast difference between better and best. You may be better than the rest, but you are not a success until you have made the effort to become the best you can be.(John Wooden, Coach Woodens Pyramid of Success. Regal, 2005)I want to go on record right now, that this is the most stupid, dimwitted, idiotic, moronic piece of putrefied garbage that I have ever in my entire professional career had the displeasure of being involved with.(Richard Dreyfuss as Chris Lecce in Another Stakeout, 1993)Happy insect! what can beIn happiness compared to thee?Thou dost drink and dance and sing,Happier than the happiest king!(Abraham Cowley, The Grasshopper)Gradable/Non-gradableAdjectives fall into these two subclasses according to two criteria: (1) whether the adjective can have a comparative and a superlative form; (2) whether the adjective can be modified by an intensifying adverb (e.g., very). For example, big is a gradable adjective: it can form a comparative (bigger) and a superlative ( biggest), and it can be modified by an intensifier (very big). On the other hand, the adjective wooden (i.e., made of wood) is non-gradable; it fulfills none of the criteria.(H. Jackson, Grammar and Vocabulary. Routledge, 2002) Adjectives are often considered to be the prototypical example of a gradable category. Degree expressions such as too are restricted to adjectives and morphological comparatives. This has led several linguists to conclude that gradability is a distinctive property of adjectives, while others rather insist on the fact that gradability is found across categories.(Jenny Doetjes, Adjectives and Degree Modification, in Adjectives and Adverbs: Syntax, Semantics, and Discourse, ed. L. McNally and C. Kennedy. Oxford University Press, 2008)The age is best which is the first,When youth and blood are warmer;But being spent, the worse and worstTimes still succeed the former.(Robert Herrick, Song)Gradability and Suppletion- Sometimes we find the phenomenon known as suppletion, where word forms of different historical origins stand in the same sort of relationship within a grammatical paradigm . . .. Thus, worse and worst stand in the same paradigmatic relationship to bad as poorer and poorest do to poor. . . . Both forms go back to the Old English period (Old English wyrsa and wyrst), and they have been the antonyms of better and best (Old English betra and betst) throughout their history in English, but the adjective in the general sense bad to which they correspond (again suppletively) as comparative and superlative in Old English is yfel (modern English evil).(Philip Durkin, The Oxford Guide to Etymology. Oxford University Press, 2009)- Good, better, best,never let it resttill your good isbetter, and yourbetter best.(This early-20th-century dictation exercise illustrates the  suppletive  comparative and superlative forms of the adjective  good.) The Lighter Side of GradabilityGeorge Costanza: Youre gonna over-dry your laundry.Jerry Seinfeld: You cant over-dry.George: Why not?Jerry: Same reason you cant over-wet. You see, when somethings wet, its wet. Same thing with death. Like, once you die, youre dead. Lets say you drop dead and I shoot you. Youre not gonna die again, youre already dead. You cant over-die, you cant over-dry.(Seinfeld)One closing grammar note: I got several letters from people who informed me that stupidest and stupider are not real words.To those people, I say, with gratitude and sincerity: Oh, shut up.(Dave Barry, Hoosier Your Daddy. The Baltimore Sun, January 12, 2003)

Infectious Disease found in the Developing World Research Paper

Infectious Disease found in the Developing World - Research Paper Example It is described as an obligate parasite with humans as its natural reservoir. Salmonella typhi is a gram-negative bacterium from the family Enterobacterioceae. It is a â€Å"multi-organ pathogen that inhabits the lymphatic tissues of the small intestine, liver, spleen, and bloodstream of infected humans† (Pollack, 2003). It does not usually inhabit or infect animals and the bacterium is most common in developing nations where sanitation is poor and there is limited supply of antibiotics. It is also described as a motile and facultative anaerobe which is very much susceptible to the action of antibiotics. There are about 107 strains of this bacterium which have already been isolated. Many of these strains have different metabolic characteristics and degrees of virulence; some of them are multi-drug resistant. Scientists studying this bacterium narrate that it contains the typical endotoxin expected of Gram-negative microorganisms as well as the Vi antigen which usually increase s the virulence of the bacterium. It is also known to excrete ‘invasin’, a protein that lets non-phagocytic cells take the bacterium, and later enables it to live inside the cell. This ‘invasin’ sometimes also prevents the oxidative burst of leukocytes, thereby preventing the innate immune response to the bacterium (Pollack, 2003). Typhoid fever is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. It is transmitted orally through food which is handled by an individual who frequently sheds the salmonella typhi bacterium through his stool or sometimes through his urine. The hand-to-mouth transmission is also possible â€Å"after using a contaminated toilet and neglecting hand hygiene† (Brusch, et.al., 2008). It may also be transmitted through sewage contaminated water ingested by humans. Shellfish which is taken from contaminated water, raw fruits and vegetables which are fertilized with contaminated sewage are also possible contaminants. High incidence rates are

Balanced Scorecard and Ethical Issues Assignment

Balanced Scorecard and Ethical Issues - Assignment Example It has been observed that majority of the firms utilize BSC in order to evaluate the ‘balance’ existing between its compensation plan and the performance measures over a certain period of time which further assists the organization to design effective strategies (Ittner, Larcker, & Meyer, 1997). Performance measurement facilitates managers to evaluate the outcomes of the overall organization as well as employees’ operational activities. Performance measurement also depicts the effectiveness of resources and the possibilities through which the activities and the resources satisfy organizational missions and objectives in a rational manner. Recent researches have often regarded BSC as a management tool which can deliver successful and well-documented outcomes (US Department of Energy, 2013). However, when measuring the attributes considered in the BSC framework, various ethical issues can also be observed to disrupt its validity as well as the reliability of the ove rall evaluation process outcomes. As stated by Bieker & Waxenberger (2002), the BSC approach lacks in considering the wide group of stakeholders including the community members who can also impose significant influences on the organizational performances. Thus, by ignoring the organizational responsibilities and its performances towards the stakeholders, business incorporations may have to witness significant ethical concerns when applying the mechanism of BSC. Unethical Behavior As A Result of Wrong Performance Measures Majority of the companies in today’s contemporary era, evaluate performance indicators in order to improve the overall performance of the organization and directly tie with the compensation system which comprise various aspects such as customer satisfaction, cost of the products and quality of the services offered along with providing job satisfaction among the employees. It is in this context that as the BSC framework focuses on a multidimensional approach t o performance measurement, in majority companies, managers attempt to use this particular framework extensively (Lichiello & Turnock, 2006). With due consideration towards the critical viewpoint obtainable through the application of BSC approach, it can be regarded as an appropriate measurement tool through which Sparkling-Automotive Company (SAC) can tie its the compensation system with performance and thus enhance efficiency in its overall business process. However, SAC should also focus on recognizing the limitations of applying the BSC framework prior to its implementation for the purpose of its performance management. As stated by Butler, Henderson & Raiborn (2011), although the framework inculcates a multidimensional approach towards measuring performances of an organization, incorporation of sustainable issues, such as environmental concerns and stakeholders interests make the evaluation process quite complex. Owing to this particular limitation, managers often have to face o bstructions in detailing appropriate and almost accurate information relating to the performance measures. Furthermore, as explained by Rillo (2004), when measuring the cause-effect relationship between the implemented strategies and obtained outcomes through organizational pe

The Need Of Money To Be An Entrepreneur Business Essay

The Need Of Money To Be An Entrepreneur Business Essay Nobody can reject that money is really important in life , it helps us do whatever we like and a statement is given to discuss that all you need is money to be an entrepreneur. I do not totally agree with this statement because of some reasons and this essay will describe, indicate different elements and prove that money is not all for its success. With evidence of reading and researching I think that being an entrepreneur need more things such as: the passion, ability and experience. The passion it will help you a strong motivation to implement your ambition. Of course, an entrepreneur has to have good ability with many fields; they will run and manage their business right direction which they desire. Business always faces with many risks, suffers from pressures around and a leaders need get over them quickly. Moreover they need have innovative strategies and motivations for products services to compete with other companies. And the other important thing is experience, it will help a leader an overview about problems and troubles which brings many disadvantages for business are to assist you find suitable solutions .When experience has a lots , you can treat and control sudden situations more exactly. Being an entrepreneur need many different elements to support and money is not all. As Harold, G (n.d) said that: In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. We can see that money plays an important role but it doesnt decide everything and entrepreneur should have and combine all elements together, they will get the better effects to maintain and develop their business. All you need is money to be an entrepreneur. The passion which is defined as the energy that can bring you more into what you do.I totally agree that the passion is the first element which helps us strong motivations to get the desire. You can get your personal satisfaction, financial purpose, stable attitude and enjoyment with what you want to put into your business. So if you do not have any passion with jobs, you will be difficult to succeed in running your business. You have to think of yourself as an entrepreneur so you will have a deep responsibility with your choices. You learn how to organize and maintain business through researching related resources and have right directions as real experts. As we know Oprah W (n.d) is one of the most famous entrepreneurs through her media and publishing interests. She is called as queen of media over the world. Her passion quotes was that: Passion is energy. Feel the power that comes from focusing on what excites you or Ignoring your passion is like dying a slow deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦P assion whispers to you through your feelings, beckoning you toward your highest good. Pay attention to what makes you feel energized, connected, stimulated- what gives you your juice. Do what you love, give it back in the form of service, and you will do more than succeed. You will triumph or Donald T (n.d) is one of millionaires with quote without passion you dont have energy, without energy you have nothing or Nothing is as important as passion. No matter what you want to do with your life, be passionate of Jon Bon Jovi (n.d) is a famous musician, song writer. Through many famous quotes of successful entrepreneurs agree that the passion is really important to help you follow the dreams and ambitions so passion is one elements to contribute and build an entrepreneur. Moreover to be an entrepreneur need ability which is the second element, it is expressed with many aspects such as: skills, knowledge etc. As  Lou H (n.d) said that: ability is what youre capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it or Donald K (n.d) has quote that A man of ability and the desire to accomplish something can do anything. We can see the second element which is really important is ability. Firstly if you have ability, you will know how to run business right direction based on your skills. You have to create the great ideas and evaluate them how to impact to your business. Your business plans must be shown your goals, strategies; action steps and answers some questions such as: who is your customer? How is your business plans implemented? What are my objectives, strategies, action steps to get your goals? Can you think of ways to solve problems? How much money can yours earn? etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦( Tamara, M n.d) so you must be a creative mind if you want to become an entrepreneurs. Always think of costs, manufacture time, output and quality of products or services which bring benefits for yours. You need to take time, calculation, describe detail about your products or services which can satisfy customers. You have to analyze about market, demand and supply in order to you can give innovative strategy to compete with other competitors.   With your ideas investors will be interested in investment their money and bring many opportunities to develop yours. With problems and troubles, you are not able to forecast consequences which can happen to your business so an entrepreneur need know how to face with taking risks and suffering from pressures around. You always have to remember a sentence: Failure is the mother of success to take experiences and find how to get over them. Many businesses had serious problems but they did not know how to maintain theirs and their businesses were closed. So you should build business plans effectively and reduce risks. Being a success entrepreneur you need be brave to face with pros, research more to find the good solutions. Furthermore an entrepreneur is an independent person to make decisions on their own. You do not feel to be afraid of rejection from other colleagues. And a leader need have ability to persuade employees, partners, and customers  in order to support for your business plans whether challenges will happen to you. Besides, an entrepreneur needs identify opportunities for your business with steps such as: spotting, assessing, selecting and executing upon opportunities. You must be able to spot an unmet need which is potential for business. After sporting unmet need, you need analyze them to assess and determine marginal success of finance and human resources. Next step is selecting opportunities which play an important role to gain success and the last step is executing Upon Opportunities which step is combined among creativity, passion, persistence, focus, responsibility, intelligence, planning and energy. An entrepreneur has to know how to take and select opportunities for them to maintain and develop business day by day (anonymous, n.d).Moreover a leader should build a network system for business because nowadays technology plays a major role in the management and unlimited information. It helps business update and deal with any problems more quickly, exactly as well as save time for everyon e in business. Another advantage of technology is sure that it allows you to monitor progresses and helps limited risks (Tamara ,M n.d ). As we know Steve job is one of the fathers of the personal computing era and the founder of Apple. He has quote in 1996 that: These technologies can make life easier, can let us touch people we might not otherwise. You may have a child with a birth defect and be able to get in touch with other parents and support groups, get medical information, the latest experimental drugs. These things can profoundly influence life. Im not downplaying that or Bill ,G (n.d) said that: information technology and business are becoming inextricably interwoven. I dont think anybody can talk meaningfully about one without the talking about the other. Two of famous entrepreneurs emphasize how technology is important in business as well as life nowadays. The third element is experience which is known as the nature of events someone or something has undergone with any jobs will bring for you different skills such as : sales, marketing or managementYou have to face with people , difficult situations which you need to think of giving the best ways to support for your business. However if you do not have much experience in business , the limited information about market, sales, organization, management etc you will be waste of time, give bad solutions. On contrast if you have experience, you will run yours right direction, understand problems and deal with problems more quickly. Of course an entrepreneur really need much experience in order to get to speak to employees and answer all given questions. Doing work with experience you will show your ability, passion, interest, confidence and it will give you a good understanding of your strengths and weakness. As Tom K (n.d) quote that: there are no failures- Just experiences and your reacti ons to them or Donal T (n.d) said that: Experience taught me a few things. One is to listen to your gut, no matter how good something sounds on paper. The second is that youre generally better off sticking with what you know. And the third is that sometimes your best investments are the ones you dont make. Everyone needs experience with each field, it helps us get over difficulty easier and limit risks. Moreover an entrepreneur with much experience will be useful in selecting and recruiting employees in order to provide good human resources for yours through some steps such as: Planning includes: structure, focus, identity, prepare; Implementation includes: contact, motivate, evaluate and the last step is closure which includes : select, offer , candidate joining (anonymous, n.d). With each step your business will recruit many suitable employees for each necessary position in company. Furthermore, if an entrepreneur has much experience, he will build good relationship with partners or customers easier. As Bill, G (n.d) said that: Our success has really been based on partnerships from the very beginning relationship in business is really important for each company and just having experience can assist you to handle good partners. The partners will keep your business going and cooperate together in order to develop, bring benefits and compete with other companies. A  good  business  partnership has clarified responsibilities, expectations and how to cooperate effectively such as: investment, competition and manufacture products or services. Critical use. Entrepreneur is known as a person who runs a company or business. They finance or make decision which belongs to operation of business. All important problems such as: organization, arrangement, open new projects of business need be allowed by an entrepreneur and they need to find solutions when facing with the risks and disadvantages. An entrepreneur has to predict opportunities, make plans and manage the business in order to bring benefits and gain profits for theirs. We can see under framework of the Entrepreneurial Personality which supports more elements to be an entrepreneur. They include: internal locus of control, high need for achievement, moderate risk taking propensity. An entrepreneur must have ability to run business, reduce risks and disadvantages (both Jekyll, I 2005).You often thinks of ideas, innovative strategies and how to implement them to get achievement for company in future. http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/summer82/hild1.gif Figure 1: Framework of the Entrepreneurial Personality (Source: signed: DLA 2005 proceedings, Jekyll Island, Georgia, June 5-8, 2005). And One clear example about a successful entrepreneur is Mark Zuckerberg who set up networking site that has widened over the world: Facebook as well as Ceo and president of the business, he is one the youngest billionaires in the world. Mark Zuckerberg was born in a normal family but he showed his intelligence from an early age and was interested in computer programs. With his passion he arrived in Palo Alto in order to apply in college, established a social-networking site and created Facebook which is used popularly nowadays. From his childhood, he really inspired in computer and by following his desire he got achievement noticeably. His father said that Mark Zuckerbergpassion helped him be a successful entrepreneur so the passion plays an important role to get the desires for anyone. As well as Mark Zuckerberg Oprah Wfrey is well-known as the queen of media over the world however she was born in a poor family stayed with her grandmother in Mississippi. She undergoned so many diff iculties in her childhood but with her passion and ability she established her first talk show which was called people are talking in 1976 as well as worked as anchor and news reporter. With her ability, enthusiasm personality, passion she expanded some programs such as: The Oprah Winfrey etc. Besides with her experience she published two magazines: O, the Oprah magazines, O at home and extended her business as well as a partner of Oxygen Media, a cable channel . In the recent year, Oprah Winfrey is rank as one of famous entrepreneurs over the world and became the first Africa-American billionaire woman. All her achievements get today because her passion, ability and experience which help her have strong motivation to succeed. With these evidences, we can see that being an entrepreneur need include many elements and undergone difficult period get success like the. Conclusion. Based on elements which are reminded above we can see that money is not all to be an entrepreneur. Being an entrepreneur need have many different elements to support for running their business. This essay describes and indicates different elements and shows that just money is not enough to become an entrepreneur. These elements are referred such as: the passion, ability, experiences of an entrepreneur with the purpose proves to be a good entrepreneur need collect many faces. They know how to realize an overview about problems and troubles which brings many disadvantages for business to find suitable solutions . As Oprah Winfrey has quotes that: how do I define success? Let me tell you, moneys pretty nice. But having a lot of money does not automatically make you a successful person. What you want is money and meaning. You want your work to be meaningful, because meaning is what brings the real richness to your life Most of successful entrepreneurs have undergone difficulty and get th eir desire with the passion, ability, experience and meaningful money. And one more time I want to assert that being an entrepreneur needs many different elements to be complex and build a prosperous business in future.

Mastertag: a Case Study

I. POINT OF VIEW Supply chain manager He ensures that their supply chain is efficient and cost-effective. A supply chain is the collection of steps that a company takes to transform raw components into the final product. Typically, supply chain managers are responsible in comprising the five stages of supply chain management: plan, develop, make, deliver, and return. II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM How should the management establish an efficient solution in producing exact number of tags that will be needed to meet and achieve the customer’s satisfaction and to avoid the shortage and excessive production of the plant tags? III. OBJECTIVES * To come up with a better solution for a achieving a match between supply of the producers and the demand of the consumers * To maintain and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the company * To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain management system of MasterTag * To implement a new style in producing tags that would enhance positive outcome to the company * To formulate action based on the chosen solution for the problem IV. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION * The demand of the consumers (seed companies) didn’t match the supply of the company because its supply chain is not effective * The company expects possible crop failures of the seed companies * The management of MasterTag planned to introduce new items of seed companies V. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION * Set a new supply chain management system by making a fairly large batch which would be produced and shipped directly to the growers instead of the seed companies. And later, when the grower results became available, a second batch would be produced using information from growers on how many additional tags are needed. The second batch would then be made and shipped to the growers. Pros: There will be an assurance of exact numbers of plant tags. They will not end up with millions of leftover tags. Cons: Time consuming process. There is a lot of process to take. * Deal and find a better consumer (seed companies) that will match the company’s supply. Look for a company that can satisfy the number of products of the supplier (MasterTag) Pros: The company will surely lessen the leftover of the plant tags. Cons: The company will find it hard to find seed companies that will match their supplies. There will be limited chances in having this option. At the same time, you have to allot time and effort. VI. RECOMMENDATION Based on the alternative courses of action, we think that the best alternative course is to set a new supply chain management system by making a fairly large batch which would be produced and shipped directly to the growers instead of the seed companies. And later, when the grower results became available, a second batch would be produced using information from growers on how many additional tags are needed. The second batch would then be made and shipped to the growers. In this case, although the action is said to be time consuming process, the company will achieve the consumer’s satisfaction because eventually, the supply and the demand will meet. The problem regarding the leftover and unused tags will be lessening. At the same time, the chosen action achieved organization’s established objectives and deliver effective performance not only for the company but also to the consumers. We consider the importance of supply chain management system which involves coordinating and integrating flows in both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (which is the main problem in this case study. ) VII. APPLICATION AND STEPS BEFORE AFTER

ESL Vocabulary Building

Christianity In Mrs Dalloway - 1723 Words

In her essay Modern Fiction, Virginia Woolf stated that all that the artists of the time could be certain of was that â€Å"certain gratitude’s and hostilities inspire us† (158). In order to understand what drove modernists to innovate and create their literature, scholars need to understand what these â€Å"hostilities† are. There where multiple upheavals at the beginning of the twenty first century that resulted in many people feeling disconnected and hopeless about the world they lived in. However, this essay will focus primarily on society’s deteriorating relationship with Christianity. Accordingly, this essay will demonstrate how Woolf represented this struggle in her novel Mrs Dalloway through the use of stream of consciousness.†¦show more content†¦At the turn of the century, society began according to question the authority of the church and look towards other sources of meaning. According Lewis, â€Å"the abstract intellectual forces lik e Dialectic and the earthly values like Money that seemed to him to have replaced religion.† (19). Thus it can be argued that Clarissa looks to her status as a member of the upper class rather than religion to find solace in her life. In one of his many musings on Clarissa, Peter Walsh of that perhaps â€Å"she thought there were no Gods; no one was to blame; and so she evolved this atheist’s religion of doing good for the sake of goodness.† (77). Walsh also reflects on the fact that Clarissa has endured many hardships in her life, such as the death of her sister that have influenced her perception of a Godless world. As it is with all the characters, Clarissa often gets caught in a thought spiral of despair, for example, when vesting the flower shop she ponders â€Å"the soul, never to be content quite, or quite secure, for at any moment the brute would be stirring, this hatred†(12). This demonstrates that Clarissa is struggling to come to terms with the hardships of modern life and little solace in the creed of the church that British society in the past. Instead she attempts to find comfort in her party planning, in the hops that bringing people together inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Mrs. Dalloway by Ââ€" Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a romantic drama with deep psychological approaching in to the world of urban English society in the summer of 1923, five years after the end of World War I. The book begins in the morning with the arrangements for a party Clarissa Dalloway will give and it ends late in the evening when the guests are all leaving. 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